Definition:
Hormone is a chemical
substance secreted directly in to the body fluid by a cell or a group of cells
or glands which exerts physiological controlling function on other cells or
organ of the body.
Chemistry of hormone:
Chemically hormones are
three types –
1. Steroid hormone:
a.
Adrenal cortex hormone e.g. cortisol, Aldosterone.
b.
Hormone of ovaries e.g. Estrogen, Progesterone.
c.
Hormone of testes e.g. Testosterone.
2. Derivatives of amino acid tyrosine:
a.
Thyroid gland hormone e.g. Thyroxin (T4), Tri-iodothyronin (T3).
b.
Adrenal medullary hormone e.g. Adrenalin, nor adrenalin, dopamine
3. Protein or polypeptide hormones:
a.
Posterior pituitary hormone / small polypeptide hormone. e.g. ADH (number of
amino acid is 8), Oxytocin.
b.
Large polypeptide hormone (number of amino acid is >10); e.g. Insulin,
Glucagon, Parathormone.
c. Most hypothalamic hormone
d. Hormones of anterior
pituitary – LH, GH etc.
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