Antidiabetic Drugs or Hypoglycemic Agents

A. Injectible hypoglycaemic drug:

Insulin preparations are:

a. Ultra short acting insulin, very rapid onset of action –

• Insulin lispro (duration of action 3-4hrs)
• Insulin Aspart
• Insulin glulisine

b. Short acting insulin, rapid onset action, Soluble insulin –

• Regular humulin (D/A 6-8 hrs)
• Regular novolin
• Velosulin BR
• Semilente insulin (prompt insulin zinc suspension) (D/A 12-14hrs)

c. Intermediate acting insulin (slower action) – Isophane insulin suspension (NPH- neutral protamine hydrogen) (D/A is 7-14 hrs), Lente insulin (insulin zinc suspension)

d. Long acting insulin (slower onset of action) –

• Insulin detemir
• Insulin glargine
• Protamine zinc insulin suspension (PZI) D/A is 24-36hrs
• Ultralente insulin (Extended insulin zinc suspension)

e. Premixed insulin (%NPH + % regular), Biphasic insulin -

• Humulin 70/30
• Novolin 70/30
• 50/50 NPL, Lispro
• 75/25 NPL, Lispro
• 70/30 NPA, Aspart

  

B. Oral hypoglycaemic drug:

I. Insulin secretagogues:

1. Sulfonylureas:

a. First generation-

·         Tolbutamide.                                           

·         Chlorpropamide.

·         Acetohexamide.                                      

·         Tolazamide.

b. Second generation-

·         Glyburide

·         Glibenclamide.                         

·         Glipizide.

·         Glimepiride

·         Gliclazide

2. Meglitinides:

• Repaglinides

3. Diphenylalanine derivative

• Nataglinide

II. Biguanide:

·         Phenformin.                                                             

·         Metformin.

·         Buformin.